Seven habits of highly effective people chapters
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The problem with relying on the Personality Ethic is that unless the basic underlying paradigms are right, simply changing outward behavior is not effective. In this example, getting the right map is a necessary primary element before your secondary skills can be used effectively. You may have excellent secondary skills in map reading and navigation, but will never find your destination if you are using a map of Detroit.
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Suppose you are in Chicago and are using a map to find a particular destination in the city. To illustrate the difference between primary and secondary traits, Covey offers the following example. Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, "What you are shouts so loudly in my ears I cannot hear what you say." One's character is what is most visible in long-term relationships. While secondary traits may help one to play the game to succeed in some specific circumstances, for long-term success both are necessary. The elements of the Character Ethic are primary traits while those of the Personality Ethic are secondary. This philosophy is known as the Character Ethic, under which success is attributed more to underlying characteristics such as integrity, courage, justice, patience, etc. It emphasized the deeper principles and foundations of success. However, during the 150 years or so that preceded that period, the literature on success was more character oriented. This philosophy can be referred to as the Personality Ethic. The success literature of the last half of the 20th century largely attributed success to personality traits, skills, techniques, maintaining a positive attitude, etc. In some cases such tactical advice may have been effective, but only for immediate issues and not for the long-term, underlying ones. He noticed that since the 1920's, success writings have focused on solutions to specific problems. Covey reviewed 200 years of literature on success. While working on his doctorate in the 1970's, Stephen R. Inside-Out: The Change Starts from Within The following is a summary of the first part of his book, concluding with a list of the seven habits. Covey presented a framework for personal effectiveness. Covey's The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People In this state the active powers of the human person-our capacity to recognize truth, our power of considered choice, and our sensitive appetites-are perfected in their biological development (each by their own cardinal virtue), and thus 1 NE, 1106a15.Summary of Stephen R. Rationality, the highest hallmark of human behaviour, depends on the development of virtues for its exercise. In sum, a virtuous character is disposed to think well. Covey's seven habits are a reworking of this psychological reality. These four cardinal virtues are in some way the umbrella categories of the moral virtues. Prudence, the virtue of the intellect, was regarded in ancient times as the " chariot driver " of the other virtues. And only when a person is making prudent judgements will he be able to direct his actions productively. The just person always considers how his actions affect others. The courageous person is empowered to face issues and seek solutions. A temperate person has the conviction that heads should govern passions, and acts accordingly. Why be virtuous? Virtues enable us to manage our emotional lives… on and off court. Wooden and Covey adopted Aristotelian moral psychology not because it had some arcane fascination for them, but rather because, in its essence, it presents an accurate and rich understanding of human beings and how we may flourish and may achieve our full potential. " First we make our habits and then our habits make us " goes the old adage. They grasped that we are in some way the sum of our habits. Both John R Wooden and Stephen Covey understood this. The perfection of virtue is an intrinsic good suiting our very nature it is the flourishing of our nature as ensouled bodies. 1 It is an arête, an excellence of character. Aristotle held that to be virtuous is to be in a state of natural perfection: virtue is that which " makes its possessor good and his work good likewise ".
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Human beings are more than performance they are more than what they can do. What did Aristotle mean by describing someone as virtuous? To be virtuous is more than to perform, like a sports car, at one's full design specifications.